Gamete quality is an important factor affecting reproductive success in fish, as it directly affects the success of fertilization, embryonic development, and larval survival. The review is concerned with gametology, the science of gametes, as it applies to teleost species of interest to aquaculture. This article discusses the structural organization of fish spermatozoa and eggs and the standardized quality assessment parameters including sperm motility, concentration, and seminal plasma biochemistry assessed using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). A critical assessment of criteria for egg quality including fertilization rate, hatching rate, embryonic normality and larval survival. Summary of multifactorial effects on gamete quality including broodstock nutrition, environmental stressors, broodstock age and husbandry practices. These factors are emphasized as being important for inclusion in evidence-based broodstock management protocols to optimize reproductive output in aquaculture.